dislocated: dislocated elements
This label is used for arguments or ‘hanging topics’ that are preposed before the verbal complex, and which are referred to again as pronouns governed by the verbal complex.
ⲡ/DET ϣⲓⲡⲉ/NOUN ⲙ/ADP ⲡⲉⲓ/DET ⲙⲁ/NOUN ,/PUNCT ⲡ/DET ⲉⲟⲟⲩ/NOUN ⲙ/ADP ⲡⲉⲓ/DET ⲙⲁ/NOUN ⲁ/AUX ⲓ/PRON ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲓⲧⲉⲓ/VERB ⲙⲙⲟ/ADP ⲩ/PRON \n The shame of this place, the glory of this place, I have forsaken them.
det(ϣⲓⲡⲉ, ⲡ)
nmod(ϣⲓⲡⲉ, ⲙⲁ-5)
det(ⲙⲁ-5, ⲡⲉⲓ)
case(ⲙⲁ-5, ⲙ)
conj(ⲙⲁ-5, ⲉⲟⲟⲩ)
det(ⲉⲟⲟⲩ, ⲡ)
nmod(ⲉⲟⲟⲩ, ⲙⲁ-11)
det(ⲙⲁ-11, ⲡⲉⲓ)
case(ⲙⲁ-11, ⲙ)
appos(ⲩ, ϣⲓⲡⲉ)
case(ⲩ, ⲙⲙⲟ)
dobj(ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲓⲧⲉⲓ, ⲩ)
aux(ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲓⲧⲉⲓ, ⲁ)
nsubj(ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲓⲧⲉⲓ, ⲓ)
Note how the lexical arguments ‘the shame … the glory’ act as dislocated and are pre-posed, to be referred to again as pronouns by the pronoun object ‘them’, which acts as dobj (forsaken what? them. What is them? shame + glory). The dislocation is linked to the word governing the ‘duplicate pronoun’, usually the verb (here ⲡⲁⲣⲁⲓⲧⲉⲓ ‘forsake’, which also governs the object pronoun).
Treebank Statistics (UD_Coptic)
This relation is universal.
133 nodes (2%) are attached to their parents as dislocated.
87 instances of dislocated (65%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent).
Average distance between parent and child is 5.61654135338346.
The following 10 pairs of parts of speech are connected with dislocated: cop-pos/VERB-cop-pos/NOUN (68; 51% instances), cop-pos/VERB-cop-pos/PROPN (19; 14% instances), cop-pos/VERB-cop-pos/DET (18; 14% instances), cop-pos/VERB-cop-pos/PRON (16; 12% instances), cop-pos/VERB-cop-pos/NUM (5; 4% instances), cop-pos/NOUN-cop-pos/NOUN (2; 2% instances), cop-pos/NOUN-cop-pos/PRON (2; 2% instances), cop-pos/DET-cop-pos/DET (1; 1% instances), cop-pos/PRON-cop-pos/PROPN (1; 1% instances), cop-pos/PRON-cop-pos/SCONJ (1; 1% instances).
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1 ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲩⲱ CCONJ CONJ _ 6 cc _ _
2 ⲛ ⲡ DET ART _ 3 det _ _
3 ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ ⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲟⲥ NOUN N _ 6 dislocated _ _
4 ⲛⲉ ⲛⲉⲣⲉ AUX CPRET _ 6 mark _ _
5 ⲩ ⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ PRON PPERS _ 6 nsubj _ _
6 ⲇⲓⲁⲕⲟⲛⲓ ⲇⲓⲁⲕⲟⲛⲉⲓ VERB V _ 0 root _ _
7 ⲛⲁ ⲛⲁ ADP PREP _ 8 case _ _
8 ϥ ⲛⲧⲟϥ PRON PPERO _ 6 obl _ _
9 . . PUNCT PUNCT _ 6 punct _ _
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# visual-style 4 9 dislocated color:blue
1 ⲁⲩⲱ ⲁⲩⲱ CCONJ CONJ _ 4 cc _ _
2 ⲁ ⲁ AUX APST _ 4 aux _ _
3 ⲩ ⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ PRON PPERS _ 4 nsubj _ _
4 ⲡⲱⲧ ⲡⲱⲧ VERB V _ 0 root _ _
5 ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ADV ADV _ 4 advmod _ _
6 ⲛⲥⲱ ⲛⲥⲁ ADP PREP _ 7 case _ _
7 ϥ ⲛⲧⲟϥ PRON PPERO _ 4 obl _ _
8 ⲛϭⲓ ⲛϭⲓ PART PTC _ 9 case _ _
9 ⲥⲓⲙⲱⲛ ⲥⲓⲙⲱⲛ PROPN NPROP _ 4 dislocated _ _
10 ⲙⲛ ⲙⲛ ADP PREP _ 11 cc _ _
11 ⲛ ⲡ DET ART _ 9 conj _ _
12 ⲉⲧ ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ SCONJ CREL _ 14 mark _ _
13 ⲛⲙⲙⲁ ⲙⲛ ADP PREP _ 14 case _ _
14 ϥ ⲛⲧⲟϥ PRON PPERO _ 11 acl _ _
15 ⲁ ⲁ AUX APST _ 17 aux _ _
16 ⲩ ⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ PRON PPERS _ 17 nsubj _ _
17 ⲧⲁϩⲟ ⲧⲁϩⲟ VERB V _ 4 parataxis _ _
18 ϥ ⲛⲧⲟϥ PRON PPERO _ 17 obj _ _
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# visual-style 7 10 dislocated color:blue
1 ϫⲉ ϫⲉ CCONJ CONJ _ 2 mark _ _
2 ⲥⲱⲧⲙ ⲥⲱⲧⲙ VERB V _ 0 root _ _
3 ⲉⲓⲥ ⲉⲓⲥ PART PTC _ 7 advmod _ _
4 ϩⲏⲏⲧⲉ ϩⲏⲏⲧⲉ NOUN N _ 3 fixed _ _
5 ⲁ ⲁ AUX APST _ 7 aux _ _
6 ϥ ⲛⲧⲟϥ PRON PPERS _ 7 nsubj _ _
7 ⲉⲓ ⲉⲓ VERB V _ 2 parataxis _ _
8 ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ADV ADV _ 7 advmod _ _
9 ⲛϭⲓ ⲛϭⲓ PART PTC _ 10 case _ _
10 ⲡ ⲡ DET ART _ 7 dislocated _ _
11 ⲉⲧ ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ SCONJ CREL _ 12 mark _ _
12 ϫⲟ ϫⲟ VERB V _ 10 acl _ _
13 ⲉ ⲉ ADP PREP _ 15 case _ _
14 ⲧ ⲡ DET ART _ 15 det _ _
15 ϫⲟ ϫⲟ NOUN N _ 7 obl _ _
16 . . PUNCT PUNCT _ 2 punct _ _
dislocated in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]