NOUN
: noun
Definition
Nouns are a part of speech typically denoting a person, place, thing, animal or idea.
The NOUN
tag is intended for common nouns only. See PROPN for
proper nouns and PRON for pronouns.
Turkish nouns inflect for tr-feat/Number, possessor and tr-feat/Case.
We also mark the non-root inflectional groups as NOUN
in complex derivation involving some suffixes, and subordinate clauses that function as a noun phrase.
For details, see the section on subordination in specific constructions.
All adjectives and some of the adverbs may function as a noun without additional derivation, in this cases, we keep the POS tag of the original word, but assign nominal features to the word. (TODO: this needs more discussion)
Examples
- kız “girl”
- kedi “cat”
- ağaç “tree”
Treebank Statistics (UD_Turkish)
There are 2766 NOUN
lemmas (49%), 6687 NOUN
types (44%) and 12988 NOUN
tokens (27%).
Out of 14 observed tags, the rank of NOUN
is: 1 in number of lemmas, 1 in number of types and 1 in number of tokens.
The 10 most frequent NOUN
lemmas: şey, yer, ev, gün, el, zaman, yıl, göz, anne, insan
The 10 most frequent NOUN
types: şey, zaman, gün, yıl, adam, bilim, gece, ev, bugün, kez
The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: yer (NOUN 138, VERB 2), yıl (NOUN 91, VERB 2), yol (NOUN 62, VERB 2), an (NOUN 54, VERB 5), yüz (NOUN 46, NUM 43, VERB 1), neden (NOUN 39, ADV 4), içeri (NOUN 38, ADJ 1), saç (NOUN 21, VERB 5), önce (ADP 51, ADV 32, NOUN 17), art (NOUN 16, VERB 13)
The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: yıl (NOUN 41, VERB 2), yer (NOUN 24, VERB 2), içeri (NOUN 10, ADJ 1), neden (PRON 9, NOUN 8, ADV 3), gerek (NOUN 8, VERB 6), tarihi (NOUN 6, ADJ 1), önce (ADP 49, ADV 22, NOUN 7), yerinde (NOUN 7, ADJ 2), Cumhuriyet (NOUN 6, PROPN 1), din (NOUN 6, AUX 1)
- yıl
- yer
- içeri
- neden
- gerek
- tarihi
- önce
- yerinde
- Cumhuriyet
- NOUN 6: Hepimiz Cumhuriyet devrinde doğmuştuk .
- PROPN 1: Bağcılar Cumhuriyet Başsavcılığı , Siirt’te ki seçimin iptaliyle milletvekilliği düştükten sonra gıyabi tutuklama kararı vicahiye çevrilerek cezaevine konulan Fadıl Akgündüz hakkında , dörtyüzdoksandört - binikiyüzotuzbeş yıl arasında hapis cezası istemiyle fezleke hazırladı .
- din
Morphology
The form / lemma ratio of NOUN
is 2.417570 (the average of all parts of speech is 2.690133).
The 1st highest number of forms (28) was observed with the lemma “el”: Elim, Ellerimi, el, elde, elden, ele, eli, elimde, elimden, elimi, elimizde, elimize, elinde, elinden, eline, elini, elinin, eliyle, elle, eller, ellerde, elleri, ellerim, ellerinde, ellerinden, ellerine, ellerini, elleriyle.
The 2nd highest number of forms (28) was observed with the lemma “ev”: Evlerde, Evleri’nde, Evlerine, ev, evde, evden, eve, evi, evim, evimde, evimden, evimi, evimin, evimizi, evimizin, evin, evinde, evinden, evine, evini, evinin, evinize, evle, evler, evlere, evleri, evlerin, evlerinden.
The 3rd highest number of forms (24) was observed with the lemma “göz”: Gözlerim, göz, gözden, göze, gözle, gözler, gözleri, gözlerime, gözlerimi, gözlerimin, gözlerinde, gözlerini, gözlerinin, gözleriyle, gözlerle, gözü, gözüm, gözümde, gözümü, gözün, gözünden, gözünü, gözünün, gözüyle.
NOUN
occurs with 6 features: tr-feat/Case (12988; 100% instances), tr-feat/Number (12986; 100% instances), tr-feat/Person (12986; 100% instances), tr-feat/Number[psor] (4139; 32% instances), tr-feat/Person[psor] (4139; 32% instances), tr-feat/Abbr (113; 1% instances)
NOUN
occurs with 17 feature-value pairs: Abbr=Yes
, Case=Abl
, Case=Acc
, Case=Dat
, Case=Equ
, Case=Gen
, Case=Ins
, Case=Loc
, Case=Nom
, Number=Plur
, Number=Sing
, Number[psor]=Plur
, Number[psor]=Sing
, Person=3
, Person[psor]=1
, Person[psor]=2
, Person[psor]=3
NOUN
occurs with 107 feature combinations.
The most frequent feature combination is Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=3
(4889 tokens).
Examples: şey, zaman, gün, yıl, adam, bilim, gece, ev, bugün, kez
Relations
NOUN
nodes are attached to their parents using 19 different relations: tr-dep/obl (2999; 23% instances), tr-dep/nmod:poss (2001; 15% instances), tr-dep/obj (1957; 15% instances), tr-dep/nsubj (1654; 13% instances), tr-dep/nmod (1433; 11% instances), tr-dep/conj (1050; 8% instances), tr-dep/root (784; 6% instances), tr-dep/compound (690; 5% instances), tr-dep/flat (272; 2% instances), tr-dep/compound:redup (57; 0% instances), tr-dep/appos (43; 0% instances), tr-dep/det (16; 0% instances), tr-dep/ccomp (11; 0% instances), tr-dep/cc (6; 0% instances), tr-dep/compound:lvc (4; 0% instances), tr-dep/csubj (4; 0% instances), tr-dep/advmod:emph (3; 0% instances), tr-dep/case (2; 0% instances), tr-dep/parataxis (2; 0% instances)
Parents of NOUN
nodes belong to 15 different parts of speech: VERB (6060; 47% instances), NOUN (4019; 31% instances), ADJ (1181; 9% instances), ROOT (784; 6% instances), PROPN (291; 2% instances), NUM (203; 2% instances), ADV (137; 1% instances), DET (104; 1% instances), PRON (85; 1% instances), CCONJ (66; 1% instances), PUNCT (22; 0% instances), ADP (19; 0% instances), INTJ (12; 0% instances), X (3; 0% instances), AUX (2; 0% instances)
4945 (38%) NOUN
nodes are leaves.
4334 (33%) NOUN
nodes have one child.
2026 (16%) NOUN
nodes have two children.
1683 (13%) NOUN
nodes have three or more children.
The highest child degree of a NOUN
node is 10.
Children of NOUN
nodes are attached using 28 different relations: tr-dep/nmod:poss (2116; 14% instances), tr-dep/punct (1789; 12% instances), tr-dep/nmod (1701; 11% instances), tr-dep/amod (1571; 10% instances), tr-dep/det (1376; 9% instances), tr-dep/conj (959; 6% instances), tr-dep/compound (941; 6% instances), tr-dep/case (905; 6% instances), tr-dep/acl (799; 5% instances), tr-dep/nsubj (501; 3% instances), tr-dep/compound:lvc (347; 2% instances), tr-dep/nummod (329; 2% instances), tr-dep/cc (321; 2% instances), tr-dep/cop (285; 2% instances), tr-dep/advmod:emph (277; 2% instances), tr-dep/advmod (265; 2% instances), tr-dep/obj (258; 2% instances), tr-dep/flat (139; 1% instances), tr-dep/compound:redup (49; 0% instances), tr-dep/fixed (34; 0% instances), tr-dep/discourse (32; 0% instances), tr-dep/aux:q (28; 0% instances), tr-dep/appos (20; 0% instances), tr-dep/mark (13; 0% instances), tr-dep/parataxis (2; 0% instances), tr-dep/ccomp (1; 0% instances), tr-dep/csubj (1; 0% instances), tr-dep/obl (1; 0% instances)
Children of NOUN
nodes belong to 14 different parts of speech: NOUN (4019; 27% instances), VERB (2285; 15% instances), ADJ (2045; 14% instances), PUNCT (1810; 12% instances), NUM (1089; 7% instances), ADP (915; 6% instances), CCONJ (663; 4% instances), DET (630; 4% instances), PROPN (565; 4% instances), PRON (411; 3% instances), ADV (320; 2% instances), AUX (299; 2% instances), INTJ (7; 0% instances), X (2; 0% instances)
NOUN in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [ug] [uk] [u] [urj] [ur] [vi] [yue] [zh]