expl: expletive
There is no expl in Portuguese.
This relation captures expletive or pleonastic nominals. These are nominals that appear in an argument position of a predicate but which do not themselves satisfy any of the semantic roles of the predicate. The main predicate of the clause (the verb or predicate adjective or noun) is the governor. In English, this is the case for some uses of it and there: the existential there, and it when used in extraposition constructions. (Note that both it and there also have non-expletive uses.)
There is a ghost in the room
expl(is, There)
It is clear that we should decline .
expl(clear, It)
Some languages, as Portuguese, do not have expletives of the English sort, including most languages with free pro-drop (the ability to use zero anaphora rather than overt pronouns). In languages with expletives of this sort, they can be positioned where normally a core argument appears: the subject and direct object (and even indirect object) slots, as in the examples below.
ROOT há um processo de conglomerização de empresas
root(ROOT, há)
dobj(há, processo)
Caso não haja fila , o período de uso pode ser maior .
mark(haja, caso)
dobj(haja, fila)
neg(haja, não)
advcl(maior, haja)
nsubj(maior, período)
Treebank Statistics (UD_Portuguese)
This relation is universal.
917 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as expl.
553 instances of expl (60%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent).
Average distance between parent and child is 1.1123227917121.
The following 2 pairs of parts of speech are connected with expl: pt-pos/VERB-pt-pos/PRON (914; 100% instances), pt-pos/ADJ-pt-pos/PRON (3; 0% instances).
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1 O o DET <artd>|ART|M|S|@>N Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 2 det _ _
2 deputado deputado NOUN <np-def>|N|M|S|@SUBJ> Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _
3 se se PRON PERS|M|3S|ACC|@ACC>-PASS Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 expl _ _
4 aproximou aproximar VERB <mv>|<se-passive>|V|PS|3S|IND|@FS-STA Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
5 . . PUNCT PU|@PU _ 4 punct _ _
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# visual-style 20 19 expl color:blue
1 O o DET <artd>|ART|M|S|@>N Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 2 det _ _
2 filme filme NOUN <np-def>|N|M|S|@SUBJ> Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _
3 passa passar VERB <first-cjt>|<mv>|V|PR|3S|IND|@FS-STA Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
4 como como ADP <com>|PRP|@<ADVL _ 5 case _ _
5 vento vento NOUN <np-idf>|N|M|S|@P< Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 obl _ _
6 por por ADP <sam->|PRP|@<ADVL _ 8 case _ _
7 as o DET <-sam>|<artd>|ART|F|P|@>N Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art 8 det _ _
8 questões questão NOUN <np-def>|N|F|P|@P< Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 3 obl _ SpaceAfter=No
9 . . PUNCT PU|@PU _ 20 punct _ _
10 nada nada ADV ADV|@>A Polarity=Neg 11 advmod _ _
11 pequenas pequeno ADJ ADJ|F|P|@N<PRED Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 8 amod _ SpaceAfter=No
12 . . PUNCT PU|@PU _ 20 punct _ _
13 de de ADP <sam->|PRP|@N< _ 15 case _ _
14 os o DET <-sam>|<artd>|ART|M|P|@>N Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art 15 det _ _
15 tratamentos tratamento NOUN <np-def>|N|M|P|@P< Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 8 nmod _ _
16 psiquiátricos psiquiátrico ADJ ADJ|M|P|@N< Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 15 amod _ _
17 contemporâneos contemporâneo ADJ ADJ|M|P|@N< Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 15 amod _ _
18 e e CCONJ <co-sta>|KC|@CO _ 20 cc _ _
19 se se PRON PERS|M|3S|ACC|@ACC>-PASS Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 expl _ _
20 fixa fixo ADJ <mv>|<cjt>|<se-passive>|V|PR|3S|IND|@FS-STA Number=Sing 3 conj _ _
21 em em ADP <sam->|PRP|@<PIV _ 22 case _ _
22 o o PRON <-sam>|DET|M|S|@P< Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 20 obl _ _
23 que que PRON <rel>|INDP|M|S|@SUBJ> Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel 24 nsubj _ _
24 existe existir VERB <mv>|V|PR|3S|IND|@FS-N< Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 22 acl:relcl _ _
25 de de ADP PRP|@<PIV _ 27 case _ _
26 mais mais ADV <quant>|<KOMP>|ADV|@>A _ 27 advmod _ _
27 óbvio óbvio ADJ <COMP>|ADJ|M|S|@P< Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 24 obl _ _
28 em em ADP <sam->|PRP|@<ADVL _ 30 case _ _
29 a o DET <-sam>|<artd>|ART|F|S|@>N Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 30 det _ _
30 história história NOUN <np-def>|N|F|S|@P< Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 24 obl _ SpaceAfter=No
31 . . PUNCT PU|@PU _ 3 punct _ _
expl in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]