expl: expletive
This relation captures expletive or pleonastic nominals. These are nominals that appear in an argument position of a predicate but which do not themselves satisfy any of the semantic roles of the predicate. The main predicate of the clause (the verb or predicate adjective) is the governor. In Italian, this relation is used only with clitic pronouns in the following cases:
- Pronouns in pronominal verbs which do not have a semantic role, such as si in vergognarsi.
Allora mi sono innervosita .
expl(innervosita, mi)
Dove si trova Hebron ?
expl(trova, si)
- For verbs which are true reflexives.
E si massacrano ancora .
expl(massacrano, si)
Si erano slegati tra loro .
expl(slegati, Si)
- Existential construction with verb to be (c’è, ci sono).
In armeria ci sono 300 armature .
expl(sono, ci)
C'è gente nuova da ieri in pista .
expl(è, C')
NB Whenever possible, clitic pronouns are assigned a label that reflect their grammatical function. For this reason, if the pronoun appears in a reflexive construction of a transitive or intransitive active verb, than it’s treated as dobj or iobj.
In Italian clitics also appears in passive and impersonal constructions. For that, see the subclasses expl:pass and expl:impers.
Treebank Statistics (UD_Italian)
This relation is universal.
There are 2 language-specific subtypes of expl: expl:impers, expl:pass.
2074 nodes (1%) are attached to their parents as expl.
1666 instances of expl (80%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent).
Average distance between parent and child is 1.22661523625844.
The following 7 pairs of parts of speech are connected with expl: it-pos/VERB-it-pos/PRON (2060; 99% instances), it-pos/ADV-it-pos/PRON (6; 0% instances), it-pos/AUX-it-pos/PRON (3; 0% instances), it-pos/NOUN-it-pos/PRON (2; 0% instances), it-pos/ADJ-it-pos/PRON (1; 0% instances), it-pos/PRON-it-pos/PRON (1; 0% instances), it-pos/VERB-it-pos/SCONJ (1; 0% instances).
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1 Vi vi PRON PC Clitic=Yes|PronType=Prs 2 expl _ _
2 sono essere VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
3 migliaia migliaio NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _
4 di di ADP E _ 5 case _ _
5 casi caso NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 3 nmod _ _
6 di di ADP E _ 8 case _ _
7 questo questo DET DD Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 8 det _ _
8 genere genere NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
9 . . PUNCT FS _ 2 punct _ _
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1 Ce ce PRON PC Clitic=Yes|PronType=Prs 4 expl _ _
2 n' ne PRON PC Clitic=Yes|PronType=Prs 4 iobj _ SpaceAfter=No
3 era essere AUX V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 4 cop _ _
4 abbastanza abbastanza ADV B _ 0 root _ _
5 per per ADP E _ 6 mark _ _
6 avvertire avvertire VERB V VerbForm=Inf 4 advcl _ _
7 la il DET RD Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 8 det _ _
8 magistratura magistratura NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 6 obj _ SpaceAfter=No
9 . . PUNCT FS _ 4 punct _ _
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1 Quanti quanto DET DQ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Int 2 det _ _
2 anni anno NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 3 obj _ _
3 bisogna bisognare VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
4 avere avere VERB V VerbForm=Inf 3 xcomp _ _
5 per per ADP E _ 8 mark _ _
6 poter potere AUX VM VerbForm=Inf 8 aux _ _
7 si si PRON PC Clitic=Yes|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 expl _ _
8 sposare sposare VERB V VerbForm=Inf 3 advcl _ _
9 in in ADP E _ 11 case _ _
10 la il DET RD Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 11 det _ _
11 Carolina Carolina PROPN SP _ 8 obl _ _
12 di di ADP E _ 14 case _ _
13 il il DET RD Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 14 det _ _
14 S S PROPN SP _ 11 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
15 ? ? PUNCT FS _ 3 punct _ _
Treebank Statistics (UD_Italian-ParTUT)
This relation is universal.
There are 2 language-specific subtypes of expl: expl:impers, expl:pass.
219 nodes (1%) are attached to their parents as expl.
156 instances of expl (71%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent).
Average distance between parent and child is 1.19634703196347.
The following 2 pairs of parts of speech are connected with expl: it-pos/VERB-it-pos/PRON (218; 100% instances), it-pos/NOUN-it-pos/PRON (1; 0% instances).
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1 Si si PRON PC Clitic=Yes|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 expl _ _
2 tratta trattare VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
3 di di ADP E _ 5 case _ _
4 una uno DET RI Definite=Ind|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 5 det _ _
5 cosa cosa NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 2 obl _ _
6 importante importante ADJ A Number=Sing 5 amod _ _
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1 NEW New PROPN SP _ 12 nmod _ _
2 YORK York PROPN SP _ 1 flat:name _ _
3 - - PUNCT FF _ 1 punct _ _
4 In in ADP E _ 7 case _ _
5 tutto tutto DET T Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Tot 7 det:predet _ _
6 il il DET RD Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 7 det _ _
7 mondo mondo NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 nmod _ _
8 c' ci PRON PC Clitic=Yes|PronType=Prs 12 expl _ SpaceAfter=No
9 è essere AUX VA Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 12 cop _ _
10 un uno DET RI Definite=Ind|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 12 det _ _
11 forte forte ADJ A Number=Sing 12 amod _ _
12 entusiasmo entusiasmo NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 0 root _ _
13 per per ADP E _ 15 case _ _
14 le il DET RD Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art 15 det _ _
15 innovazioni innovazione NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 12 nmod _ _
16 tecnologiche tecnologico ADJ A Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 15 amod _ _
17 simbolizzate simbolizzato ADJ A Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 15 amod _ _
18 da da ADP E _ 19 case _ _
19 Silicon Silicon PROPN SP _ 17 obl _ _
20 Valley Valley PROPN SP _ 19 flat:name _ SpaceAfter=No
21 . . PUNCT FS _ 12 punct _ _
expl in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]