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expl: expletive

This relation captures expletive or pleonastic nominals. These are nominals that appear in an argument position of a predicate but which do not themselves satisfy any of the semantic roles of the predicate. The main predicate of the clause (the verb or predicate adjective) is the governor. In Italian, this relation is used only with clitic pronouns in the following cases:

• Pronouns in pronominal verbs which do not have a semantic role, such as si in vergognarsi.

edit

  

    
input
    
brat
    
info
  
Allora mi sono innervosita .
expl(innervosita, mi)
{
    "text": "Allora mi sono innervosita . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-1-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 6 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T2", "token", [ [ 7, 9 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T3", "token", [ [ 10, 14 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T4", "token", [ [ 15, 26 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T5", "token", [ [ 27, 28 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-1-R1", "expl", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T2" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "1" ]
}

edit

  

    
input
    
brat
    
info
  
Dove si trova Hebron ?
expl(trova, si)
{
    "text": "Dove si trova Hebron ? ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-2-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 4 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T2", "token", [ [ 5, 7 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T3", "token", [ [ 8, 13 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T4", "token", [ [ 14, 20 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T5", "token", [ [ 21, 22 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-2-R1", "expl", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T2" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "2" ]
}

• For verbs which are true reflexives.

E si massacrano ancora .
expl(massacrano, si)

Si erano slegati tra loro .
expl(slegati, Si)

• Existential construction with verb to be (c’è, ci sono).

In armeria ci sono 300 armature .
expl(sono, ci)

C'è gente nuova da ieri in pista .
expl(è, C')

NB Whenever possible, clitic pronouns are assigned a label that reflect their grammatical function. For this reason, if the pronoun appears in a reflexive construction of a transitive or intransitive active verb, than it’s treated as dobj or iobj. In Italian clitics also appears in passive and impersonal constructions. For that, see the subclasses expl:pass and expl:impers.

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Treebank Statistics (UD_Italian)

This relation is universal. There are 2 language-specific subtypes of expl: expl:impers, expl:pass.

2074 nodes (1%) are attached to their parents as expl.

1666 instances of expl (80%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent). Average distance between parent and child is 1.22661523625844.

The following 7 pairs of parts of speech are connected with expl: VERB-PRON (2060; 99% instances), ADV-PRON (6; 0% instances), AUX-PRON (3; 0% instances), NOUN-PRON (2; 0% instances), ADJ-PRON (1; 0% instances), PRON-PRON (1; 0% instances), VERB-SCONJ (1; 0% instances).

# visual-style 1	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1	fgColor:white
# visual-style 2	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2	fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 1 expl	color:blue
1	Vi	vi	PRON	PC	Clitic=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	expl	_	_
2	sono	essere	VERB	V	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	migliaia	migliaio	NOUN	S	Gender=Fem|Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
4	di	di	ADP	E	_	5	case	_	_
5	casi	caso	NOUN	S	Gender=Masc|Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
6	di	di	ADP	E	_	8	case	_	_
7	questo	questo	DET	DD	Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	8	det	_	_
8	genere	genere	NOUN	S	Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	FS	_	2	punct	_	_

# visual-style 1	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1	fgColor:white
# visual-style 4	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4	fgColor:white
# visual-style 4 1 expl	color:blue
1	Ce	ce	PRON	PC	Clitic=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	expl	_	_
2	n'	ne	PRON	PC	Clitic=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	iobj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	era	essere	AUX	V	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	abbastanza	abbastanza	ADV	B	_	0	root	_	_
5	per	per	ADP	E	_	6	mark	_	_
6	avvertire	avvertire	VERB	V	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
7	la	il	DET	RD	Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	magistratura	magistratura	NOUN	S	Gender=Fem|Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	FS	_	4	punct	_	_

# visual-style 7	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7	fgColor:white
# visual-style 6	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 6	fgColor:white
# visual-style 6 7 expl	color:blue
1	Quanti	quanto	DET	DQ	Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Int	2	det	_	_
2	anni	anno	NOUN	S	Gender=Masc|Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
3	bisogna	bisognare	VERB	V	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	avere	avere	VERB	V	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
5	per	per	ADP	E	_	8	mark	_	_
6	poter	potere	AUX	VM	VerbForm=Inf	8	aux	_	_
7	si	si	PRON	PC	Clitic=Yes|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	expl	_	_
8	sposare	sposare	VERB	V	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	E	_	11	case	_	_
10	la	il	DET	RD	Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	Carolina	Carolina	PROPN	SP	_	8	obl	_	_
12	di	di	ADP	E	_	14	case	_	_
13	il	il	DET	RD	Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	S	S	PROPN	SP	_	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	?	?	PUNCT	FS	_	3	punct	_	_

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Treebank Statistics (UD_Italian-ParTUT)

This relation is universal. There are 2 language-specific subtypes of expl: expl:impers, expl:pass.

219 nodes (1%) are attached to their parents as expl.

156 instances of expl (71%) are right-to-left (child precedes parent). Average distance between parent and child is 1.19634703196347.

The following 2 pairs of parts of speech are connected with expl: VERB-PRON (218; 100% instances), NOUN-PRON (1; 0% instances).

# visual-style 1	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1	fgColor:white
# visual-style 2	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2	fgColor:white
# visual-style 2 1 expl	color:blue
1	Si	si	PRON	PC	Clitic=Yes|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	expl	_	_
2	tratta	trattare	VERB	V	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	di	di	ADP	E	_	5	case	_	_
4	una	uno	DET	RI	Definite=Ind|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	cosa	cosa	NOUN	S	Gender=Fem|Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	importante	importante	ADJ	A	Number=Sing	5	amod	_	_

# visual-style 8	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 8	fgColor:white
# visual-style 12	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 12	fgColor:white
# visual-style 12 8 expl	color:blue
1	NEW	New	PROPN	SP	_	12	nmod	_	_
2	YORK	York	PROPN	SP	_	1	flat:name	_	_
3	-	-	PUNCT	FF	_	1	punct	_	_
4	In	in	ADP	E	_	7	case	_	_
5	tutto	tutto	DET	T	Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	7	det:predet	_	_
6	il	il	DET	RD	Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	mondo	mondo	NOUN	S	Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
8	c'	ci	PRON	PC	Clitic=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	expl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	è	essere	AUX	VA	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
10	un	uno	DET	RI	Definite=Ind|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	forte	forte	ADJ	A	Number=Sing	12	amod	_	_
12	entusiasmo	entusiasmo	NOUN	S	Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
13	per	per	ADP	E	_	15	case	_	_
14	le	il	DET	RD	Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	innovazioni	innovazione	NOUN	S	Gender=Fem|Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	_
16	tecnologiche	tecnologico	ADJ	A	Gender=Fem|Number=Plur	15	amod	_	_
17	simbolizzate	simbolizzato	ADJ	A	Gender=Fem|Number=Plur	15	amod	_	_
18	da	da	ADP	E	_	19	case	_	_
19	Silicon	Silicon	PROPN	SP	_	17	obl	_	_
20	Valley	Valley	PROPN	SP	_	19	flat:name	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	FS	_	12	punct	_	_

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expl in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [u] [ug] [uk] [ur] [urj] [vi] [yue] [zh]

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