home cs/pos edit page issue tracker

This page pertains to UD version 2.

NOUN: noun

Definition

Nouns are a part of speech typically denoting a person, place, thing, animal or idea.

The NOUN tag is intended for common nouns only. See PROPN for proper nouns and PRON for pronouns.

Czech nouns have the lexical feature cs-feat/Gender. Furthermore, the nouns inflect for cs-feat/Number and cs-feat/Case.

A verbal noun can be derived productively from almost every verb (e.g. dělat  “to do” → dělání  “doing”). While in other languages a corresponding form may be called gerund and tagged VERB, in Czech it is tagged NOUN. It has always the neuter gender and the full number-case inflectional paradigm.

Examples

References


Treebank Statistics (UD_Czech)

There are 16875 NOUN lemmas (30%), 37783 NOUN types (31%) and 329118 NOUN tokens (25%). Out of 17 observed tags, the rank of NOUN is: 1 in number of lemmas, 1 in number of types and 1 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent NOUN lemmas: rok, strana, člověk, společnost, firma, doba, země, cena, koruna, zákon

The 10 most frequent NOUN types: roku, korun, let, roce, procent, společnosti, době, strany, případě, firmy

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: stát (VERB 1358, NOUN 1270, AUX 2), den (NOUN 1053, ADJ 1), místo (NOUN 1036, ADP 166, SCONJ 9, ADV 5), klub (NOUN 454, PROPN 1), bod (NOUN 438, PROPN 2), růst (NOUN 321, VERB 137), kontakt (NOUN 311, PROPN 2), televize (NOUN 285, PROPN 3), tisíc (NUM 465, NOUN 284, ADV 1), sto (NOUN 275, NUM 38)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: r (NOUN 351, ADV 1, PROPN 1), s (ADP 7687, NOUN 329, PART 17, ADJ 8), místo (NOUN 321, ADP 120, SCONJ 6, ADV 5), stát (NOUN 259, VERB 200), den (NOUN 273, ADJ 1), tel (NOUN 261, ADJ 2), m (NOUN 187, ADJ 2, ADP 1), klubu (NOUN 193, PROPN 1), prostřednictvím (NOUN 157, ADP 1), sdružení (NOUN 87, ADJ 1)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of NOUN is 2.238993 (the average of all parts of speech is 2.162583).

The 1st highest number of forms (18) was observed with the lemma “rok”: l, let, letech, lety, letům, léta, létech, léty, létům, r, roce, rok, roka, rokem, roku, roky, roků, rokům.

The 2nd highest number of forms (15) was observed with the lemma “milión”: mil, milion, milionech, milionem, milionu, miliony, milionů, milionům, milión, miliónech, miliónem, miliónu, milióny, miliónů, miliónům.

The 3rd highest number of forms (14) was observed with the lemma “druh”: druh, druha, druhem, druhové, druhu, druhy, druhů, druhům, druzi, druzích, družka, družkou, družku, družky.

NOUN occurs with 9 features: cs-feat/Polarity (329118; 100% instances), cs-feat/Gender (328829; 100% instances), cs-feat/Number (321862; 98% instances), cs-feat/Case (321526; 98% instances), cs-feat/Animacy (145228; 44% instances), cs-feat/Abbr (5098; 2% instances), cs-feat/Foreign (1596; 0% instances), cs-feat/Style (712; 0% instances), cs-feat/Aspect (2; 0% instances)

NOUN occurs with 27 feature-value pairs: Abbr=Yes, Animacy=Anim, Animacy=Inan, Aspect=Perf, Case=Acc, Case=Dat, Case=Gen, Case=Ins, Case=Loc, Case=Nom, Case=Voc, Foreign=Yes, Gender=Fem, Gender=Masc, Gender=Neut, Number=Dual, Number=Plur, Number=Sing, Polarity=Neg, Polarity=Pos, Style=Arch, Style=Coll, Style=Expr, Style=Rare, Style=Slng, Style=Vrnc, Style=Vulg

NOUN occurs with 320 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Polarity=Pos (26234 tokens). Examples: strany, společnosti, vlády, firmy, práce, republiky, doby, banky, země, rady

Relations

NOUN nodes are attached to their parents using 28 different relations: cs-dep/nmod (110410; 34% instances), cs-dep/obl (58827; 18% instances), cs-dep/obj (53236; 16% instances), cs-dep/nsubj (47336; 14% instances), cs-dep/conj (22870; 7% instances), cs-dep/root (10208; 3% instances), cs-dep/nsubj:pass (5417; 2% instances), cs-dep/appos (4302; 1% instances), cs-dep/iobj (4031; 1% instances), cs-dep/dep (3567; 1% instances), cs-dep/fixed (2054; 1% instances), cs-dep/orphan (1895; 1% instances), cs-dep/xcomp (1654; 1% instances), cs-dep/advcl (1049; 0% instances), cs-dep/acl (618; 0% instances), cs-dep/case (565; 0% instances), cs-dep/ccomp (546; 0% instances), cs-dep/flat:foreign (244; 0% instances), cs-dep/parataxis (78; 0% instances), cs-dep/csubj (76; 0% instances), cs-dep/vocative (54; 0% instances), cs-dep/det:nummod (31; 0% instances), cs-dep/cc (23; 0% instances), cs-dep/csubj:pass (19; 0% instances), cs-dep/advmod:emph (4; 0% instances), cs-dep/advmod (2; 0% instances), cs-dep/discourse (1; 0% instances), cs-dep/mark (1; 0% instances)

Parents of NOUN nodes belong to 16 different parts of speech: VERB (143925; 44% instances), NOUN (127674; 39% instances), ADJ (24438; 7% instances), PROPN (11603; 4% instances), ROOT (10208; 3% instances), NUM (3813; 1% instances), ADV (3306; 1% instances), ADP (2072; 1% instances), DET (1042; 0% instances), PRON (615; 0% instances), SYM (244; 0% instances), PART (114; 0% instances), PUNCT (29; 0% instances), CCONJ (22; 0% instances), INTJ (10; 0% instances), SCONJ (3; 0% instances)

52411 (16%) NOUN nodes are leaves.

116095 (35%) NOUN nodes have one child.

99654 (30%) NOUN nodes have two children.

60958 (19%) NOUN nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a NOUN node is 83.

Children of NOUN nodes are attached using 35 different relations: cs-dep/amod (134609; 25% instances), cs-dep/nmod (118818; 22% instances), cs-dep/case (100976; 19% instances), cs-dep/punct (36254; 7% instances), cs-dep/det (24423; 5% instances), cs-dep/conj (22179; 4% instances), cs-dep/cc (17582; 3% instances), cs-dep/nummod (15461; 3% instances), cs-dep/acl (14797; 3% instances), cs-dep/advmod:emph (12285; 2% instances), cs-dep/cop (6528; 1% instances), cs-dep/nummod:gov (6391; 1% instances), cs-dep/nsubj (5039; 1% instances), cs-dep/appos (4522; 1% instances), cs-dep/mark (4074; 1% instances), cs-dep/dep (3512; 1% instances), cs-dep/advmod (1965; 0% instances), cs-dep/orphan (1529; 0% instances), cs-dep/obl (1410; 0% instances), cs-dep/xcomp (1264; 0% instances), cs-dep/flat:foreign (926; 0% instances), cs-dep/det:numgov (842; 0% instances), cs-dep/csubj (629; 0% instances), cs-dep/det:nummod (503; 0% instances), cs-dep/advcl (336; 0% instances), cs-dep/parataxis (284; 0% instances), cs-dep/aux (172; 0% instances), cs-dep/obj (137; 0% instances), cs-dep/fixed (38; 0% instances), cs-dep/ccomp (35; 0% instances), cs-dep/discourse (25; 0% instances), cs-dep/vocative (9; 0% instances), cs-dep/expl:pass (3; 0% instances), cs-dep/expl:pv (2; 0% instances), cs-dep/nsubj:pass (1; 0% instances)

Children of NOUN nodes belong to 17 different parts of speech: ADJ (137436; 26% instances), NOUN (127674; 24% instances), ADP (100222; 19% instances), PUNCT (36259; 7% instances), DET (28187; 5% instances), PROPN (23369; 4% instances), NUM (23252; 4% instances), CCONJ (20046; 4% instances), VERB (15801; 3% instances), ADV (10019; 2% instances), AUX (6700; 1% instances), SCONJ (4109; 1% instances), PART (2739; 1% instances), PRON (1594; 0% instances), SYM (135; 0% instances), INTJ (17; 0% instances), X (1; 0% instances)


Treebank Statistics (UD_Czech-CAC)

There are 10970 NOUN lemmas (39%), 23127 NOUN types (37%) and 133159 NOUN tokens (28%). Out of 16 observed tags, the rank of NOUN is: 1 in number of lemmas, 1 in number of types and 1 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent NOUN lemmas: rok, práce, doba, člověk, úkol, pracovník, oblast, výroba, vztah, výsledek

The 10 most frequent NOUN types: práce, roce, let, roku, práci, oblasti, době, společnosti, hlediska, činnosti

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: místo (NOUN 353, ADP 48, SCONJ 2), potřeba (NOUN 295, ADJ 14), vedoucí (NOUN 185, ADJ 87), třída (NOUN 171, PROPN 1), stát (VERB 338, NOUN 169), růst (NOUN 104, VERB 57), výše (NOUN 74, ADV 24), ulice (NOUN 73, PROPN 2), doprava (NOUN 67, ADV 2), fakt (NOUN 51, PART 1, ADV 1)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: prací (NOUN 141, ADJ 5), oddělení (NOUN 138, ADJ 1), vedoucí (NOUN 85, ADJ 50), místo (NOUN 95, ADP 42, SCONJ 2), září (NOUN 72, VERB 1), vědomí (NOUN 60, ADJ 1), fronty (NOUN 48, PROPN 1), růst (NOUN 40, VERB 5), ulici (NOUN 39, PROPN 2), potřeba (NOUN 35, ADJ 14)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of NOUN is 2.108204 (the average of all parts of speech is 2.180683).

The 1st highest number of forms (11) was observed with the lemma “mistr”: Mistře, mistr, mistra, mistrem, mistrovi, mistrovou, mistrová, mistru, mistry, mistrů, mistři.

The 2nd highest number of forms (11) was observed with the lemma “řád”: řad, řadem, řadu, řady, řadů, řád, řádech, řádem, řádu, řády, řádů.

The 3rd highest number of forms (10) was observed with the lemma “den”: den, dne, dnech, dnem, dni, dnu, dny, dní, dnů, dnům.

NOUN occurs with 9 features: cs-feat/Polarity (133159; 100% instances), cs-feat/Gender (133120; 100% instances), cs-feat/Number (132033; 99% instances), cs-feat/Case (132013; 99% instances), cs-feat/Animacy (55158; 41% instances), cs-feat/Abbr (973; 1% instances), cs-feat/Foreign (255; 0% instances), cs-feat/Style (98; 0% instances), cs-feat/Aspect (5; 0% instances)

NOUN occurs with 26 feature-value pairs: Abbr=Yes, Animacy=Anim, Animacy=Inan, Aspect=Imp, Aspect=Perf, Case=Acc, Case=Dat, Case=Gen, Case=Ins, Case=Loc, Case=Nom, Case=Voc, Foreign=Yes, Gender=Fem, Gender=Masc, Gender=Neut, Number=Dual, Number=Plur, Number=Sing, Polarity=Neg, Polarity=Pos, Style=Coll, Style=Expr, Style=Rare, Style=Slng, Style=Vrnc

NOUN occurs with 173 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Polarity=Pos (12576 tokens). Examples: práce, výroby, společnosti, strany, činnosti, doby, vědy, vody, techniky, teorie

Relations

NOUN nodes are attached to their parents using 27 different relations: cs-dep/nmod (45733; 34% instances), cs-dep/obl (22276; 17% instances), cs-dep/obj (19444; 15% instances), cs-dep/nsubj (16810; 13% instances), cs-dep/conj (15077; 11% instances), cs-dep/nsubj:pass (2952; 2% instances), cs-dep/root (2602; 2% instances), cs-dep/appos (1668; 1% instances), cs-dep/iobj (1334; 1% instances), cs-dep/fixed (1319; 1% instances), cs-dep/orphan (1012; 1% instances), cs-dep/dep (941; 1% instances), cs-dep/xcomp (870; 1% instances), cs-dep/advcl (397; 0% instances), cs-dep/acl (248; 0% instances), cs-dep/case (187; 0% instances), cs-dep/ccomp (113; 0% instances), cs-dep/vocative (41; 0% instances), cs-dep/flat:foreign (32; 0% instances), cs-dep/csubj (31; 0% instances), cs-dep/parataxis (28; 0% instances), cs-dep/cop (14; 0% instances), cs-dep/csubj:pass (11; 0% instances), cs-dep/det:nummod (9; 0% instances), cs-dep/cc (7; 0% instances), cs-dep/advmod (2; 0% instances), cs-dep/aux:pass (1; 0% instances)

Parents of NOUN nodes belong to 16 different parts of speech: NOUN (62369; 47% instances), VERB (49615; 37% instances), ADJ (12518; 9% instances), ROOT (2602; 2% instances), PROPN (1348; 1% instances), ADV (1332; 1% instances), ADP (1327; 1% instances), DET (606; 0% instances), NUM (580; 0% instances), SYM (564; 0% instances), PRON (226; 0% instances), PART (27; 0% instances), CCONJ (16; 0% instances), AUX (14; 0% instances), SCONJ (14; 0% instances), INTJ (1; 0% instances)

18972 (14%) NOUN nodes are leaves.

46631 (35%) NOUN nodes have one child.

40809 (31%) NOUN nodes have two children.

26747 (20%) NOUN nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a NOUN node is 53.

Children of NOUN nodes are attached using 33 different relations: cs-dep/amod (59352; 26% instances), cs-dep/nmod (49401; 22% instances), cs-dep/case (39571; 18% instances), cs-dep/conj (14610; 6% instances), cs-dep/punct (13352; 6% instances), cs-dep/cc (11065; 5% instances), cs-dep/det (10362; 5% instances), cs-dep/acl (5526; 2% instances), cs-dep/advmod:emph (4226; 2% instances), cs-dep/nummod (4080; 2% instances), cs-dep/cop (2493; 1% instances), cs-dep/nsubj (2047; 1% instances), cs-dep/mark (1814; 1% instances), cs-dep/appos (1578; 1% instances), cs-dep/nummod:gov (1133; 1% instances), cs-dep/dep (854; 0% instances), cs-dep/orphan (829; 0% instances), cs-dep/xcomp (771; 0% instances), cs-dep/advmod (767; 0% instances), cs-dep/obl (537; 0% instances), cs-dep/det:numgov (351; 0% instances), cs-dep/det:nummod (191; 0% instances), cs-dep/parataxis (175; 0% instances), cs-dep/csubj (167; 0% instances), cs-dep/advcl (119; 0% instances), cs-dep/flat:foreign (78; 0% instances), cs-dep/obj (63; 0% instances), cs-dep/aux (58; 0% instances), cs-dep/fixed (19; 0% instances), cs-dep/expl:pv (17; 0% instances), cs-dep/discourse (10; 0% instances), cs-dep/ccomp (4; 0% instances), cs-dep/vocative (3; 0% instances)

Children of NOUN nodes belong to 16 different parts of speech: NOUN (62369; 28% instances), ADJ (60383; 27% instances), ADP (39036; 17% instances), PUNCT (13357; 6% instances), DET (11890; 5% instances), CCONJ (11496; 5% instances), VERB (5544; 2% instances), NUM (5408; 2% instances), PROPN (4160; 2% instances), ADV (3897; 2% instances), AUX (2539; 1% instances), SCONJ (1880; 1% instances), PRON (1402; 1% instances), SYM (1175; 1% instances), PART (1086; 0% instances), INTJ (1; 0% instances)


Treebank Statistics (UD_Czech-CLTT)

There are 725 NOUN lemmas (31%), 1383 NOUN types (35%) and 8196 NOUN tokens (31%). Out of 15 observed tags, the rank of NOUN is: 1 in number of lemmas, 1 in number of types and 1 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent NOUN lemmas: jednotka, položka, majetek, den, závěrka, období, náklad, ocenění, závazek, účetnictví

The 10 most frequent NOUN types: jednotky, jednotka, majetku, období, položka, ocenění, účetnictví, dni, závěrky, společnosti

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: jednotka (NOUN 532, X 1), ocenění (NOUN 112, X 4), rozdíl (NOUN 69, X 5), zákon (NOUN 57, X 1), daň (NOUN 44, X 2), výsledek (NOUN 29, X 15), hospodaření (NOUN 25, X 12), stát (NOUN 25, VERB 7), prodej (NOUN 20, X 1), účetní (ADJ 1006, NOUN 19, X 7)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: jednotka (NOUN 173, X 1), ocenění (NOUN 99, X 4), položek (NOUN 56, X 4), nákladů (NOUN 51, X 1), náklady (NOUN 46, X 1), vyhlášky (NOUN 42, X 8), výše (NOUN 26, ADV 3), hospodaření (NOUN 25, X 12), příjmů (NOUN 25, X 4), stavu (NOUN 23, X 4)

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of NOUN is 1.907586 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.685169).

The 1st highest number of forms (9) was observed with the lemma “jednotka”: jednotce, jednotek, jednotka, jednotkami, jednotkou, jednotku, jednotky, jednotkách, jednotkám.

The 2nd highest number of forms (9) was observed with the lemma “osoba”: osob, osoba, osobami, osobou, osobu, osoby, osobách, osobám, osobě.

The 3rd highest number of forms (8) was observed with the lemma “metoda”: metod, metoda, metodami, metodou, metodu, metody, metodách, metodě.

NOUN occurs with 6 features: cs-feat/Gender (8196; 100% instances), cs-feat/Polarity (8196; 100% instances), cs-feat/Case (8165; 100% instances), cs-feat/Number (8165; 100% instances), cs-feat/Animacy (3218; 39% instances), cs-feat/Abbr (16; 0% instances)

NOUN occurs with 16 feature-value pairs: Abbr=Yes, Animacy=Anim, Animacy=Inan, Case=Acc, Case=Dat, Case=Gen, Case=Ins, Case=Loc, Case=Nom, Gender=Fem, Gender=Masc, Gender=Neut, Number=Plur, Number=Sing, Polarity=Neg, Polarity=Pos

NOUN occurs with 55 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Polarity=Pos (845 tokens). Examples: závěrky, jednotky, společnosti, přeměny, vyhlášky, ztráty, činnosti, hodnoty, daně, konsolidace

Relations

NOUN nodes are attached to their parents using 20 different relations: cs-dep/nmod (3136; 38% instances), cs-dep/conj (1394; 17% instances), cs-dep/obl (1183; 14% instances), cs-dep/obj (950; 12% instances), cs-dep/nsubj (711; 9% instances), cs-dep/nsubj:pass (236; 3% instances), cs-dep/fixed (178; 2% instances), cs-dep/root (143; 2% instances), cs-dep/dep (62; 1% instances), cs-dep/acl (55; 1% instances), cs-dep/appos (44; 1% instances), cs-dep/xcomp (36; 0% instances), cs-dep/advcl (35; 0% instances), cs-dep/orphan (13; 0% instances), cs-dep/iobj (12; 0% instances), cs-dep/advmod (3; 0% instances), cs-dep/aux:pass (2; 0% instances), cs-dep/case (1; 0% instances), cs-dep/ccomp (1; 0% instances), cs-dep/parataxis (1; 0% instances)

Parents of NOUN nodes belong to 12 different parts of speech: NOUN (4736; 58% instances), VERB (2356; 29% instances), ADJ (619; 8% instances), ADP (180; 2% instances), ROOT (143; 2% instances), X (96; 1% instances), ADV (28; 0% instances), PRON (19; 0% instances), NUM (15; 0% instances), SYM (2; 0% instances), AUX (1; 0% instances), DET (1; 0% instances)

781 (10%) NOUN nodes are leaves.

2699 (33%) NOUN nodes have one child.

2697 (33%) NOUN nodes have two children.

2019 (25%) NOUN nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a NOUN node is 25.

Children of NOUN nodes are attached using 27 different relations: cs-dep/amod (4326; 28% instances), cs-dep/nmod (3621; 23% instances), cs-dep/case (2496; 16% instances), cs-dep/conj (1399; 9% instances), cs-dep/cc (1012; 6% instances), cs-dep/punct (959; 6% instances), cs-dep/acl (442; 3% instances), cs-dep/det (403; 3% instances), cs-dep/nummod (194; 1% instances), cs-dep/advmod:emph (180; 1% instances), cs-dep/dep (123; 1% instances), cs-dep/cop (117; 1% instances), cs-dep/nsubj (114; 1% instances), cs-dep/mark (79; 1% instances), cs-dep/appos (44; 0% instances), cs-dep/obl (39; 0% instances), cs-dep/xcomp (30; 0% instances), cs-dep/advmod (25; 0% instances), cs-dep/parataxis (24; 0% instances), cs-dep/nummod:gov (19; 0% instances), cs-dep/obj (14; 0% instances), cs-dep/orphan (11; 0% instances), cs-dep/advcl (6; 0% instances), cs-dep/csubj (2; 0% instances), cs-dep/expl:pass (1; 0% instances), cs-dep/expl:pv (1; 0% instances), cs-dep/nsubj:pass (1; 0% instances)

Children of NOUN nodes belong to 15 different parts of speech: NOUN (4736; 30% instances), ADJ (4376; 28% instances), ADP (2483; 16% instances), CCONJ (971; 6% instances), PUNCT (959; 6% instances), X (513; 3% instances), VERB (428; 3% instances), DET (404; 3% instances), NUM (237; 2% instances), ADV (229; 1% instances), AUX (117; 1% instances), PRON (115; 1% instances), SCONJ (89; 1% instances), PART (21; 0% instances), SYM (4; 0% instances)


NOUN in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [ug] [uk] [u] [urj] [ur] [vi] [yue] [zh]