fixed: fixed
The fixed relation is one of the three relations for multiword expressions (MWEs) (the other two being flat and compound). It is used for certain fixed grammaticized expressions that behave like function words or short adverbials.
Fixed MWEs are annotated in a flat structure, where all subsequent words in the expression are attached to the first one using the fixed label.
Marie était malade mais elle est quand même venue . \n Marie was sick but she came anyway.
fixed(quand, même)
advmod(venue, quand)
Je suis sûre d'avoir vu Paul à Paris alors qu' il est censé être à Dubai ! \n I'm sure I've seen Paul in Paris but he's supposed to be in Dubai!
fixed(alors,qu')
mark(censé,alors)
Instead of using the fixed relation, FrenchSpoken syntactically analyzes as many expressions as possible (i.e. the fixed relation is only used for syntactically irregular constructions).
For instance, il y a corresponds to two frozen expressions: a particular marker of clefting (il y a trois libres sur la table) and an adposition (Paul est arrivé il y a trois jours). The first is syntactically regular and is analyzed with regular relations. The second is syntactically deviant and is analyzed with fixed:
Il y a trois livres sur la table. \n There are three books on the table.
nsubj:expl(a, Il)
advmod(a, y)
Paul est arrivé il y a trois jours . \n Paul arrived three days ago.
fixed(il, y)
fixed(il, a)
case(jours, il)
Complex determiners and complex prepositions, which are currently often analyzed with a fixed relation in some corpora of the French treebank, are respectively analyzed with the det:complex and case:complex relations by FrenchSpoken.
Treebank Statistics (UD_French)
This relation is universal.
4093 nodes (1%) are attached to their parents as fixed.
4092 instances of fixed (100%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 1.2501832396775.
The following 82 pairs of parts of speech are connected with fixed: fr-pos/ADV-fr-pos/ADP (1098; 27% instances), fr-pos/ADV-fr-pos/SCONJ (532; 13% instances), fr-pos/ADP-fr-pos/ADP (444; 11% instances), fr-pos/ADP-fr-pos/NOUN (440; 11% instances), fr-pos/ADP-fr-pos/ADV (313; 8% instances), fr-pos/ADP-fr-pos/DET (218; 5% instances), fr-pos/ADP-fr-pos/SCONJ (192; 5% instances), fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/ADP (186; 5% instances), fr-pos/ADP-fr-pos/VERB (124; 3% instances), fr-pos/ADP-fr-pos/ADJ (71; 2% instances), fr-pos/ADV-fr-pos/ADV (64; 2% instances), fr-pos/ADJ-fr-pos/SCONJ (45; 1% instances), fr-pos/DET-fr-pos/ADV (41; 1% instances), fr-pos/ADP-fr-pos/PRON (34; 1% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/NOUN (28; 1% instances), fr-pos/ADV-fr-pos/DET (21; 1% instances), fr-pos/DET-fr-pos/NOUN (17; 0% instances), fr-pos/PRON-fr-pos/PRON (15; 0% instances), fr-pos/ADJ-fr-pos/ADP (13; 0% instances), fr-pos/ADV-fr-pos/NOUN (12; 0% instances), fr-pos/DET-fr-pos/ADP (10; 0% instances), fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/NOUN (10; 0% instances), fr-pos/ADV-fr-pos/ADJ (9; 0% instances), fr-pos/CCONJ-fr-pos/ADV (9; 0% instances), fr-pos/SCONJ-fr-pos/SCONJ (9; 0% instances), fr-pos/AUX-fr-pos/ADP (8; 0% instances), fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/PART (8; 0% instances), fr-pos/ADJ-fr-pos/NOUN (6; 0% instances), fr-pos/SCONJ-fr-pos/ADV (6; 0% instances), fr-pos/ADV-fr-pos/VERB (5; 0% instances), fr-pos/DET-fr-pos/DET (5; 0% instances), fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/VERB (5; 0% instances), fr-pos/PRON-fr-pos/ADV (5; 0% instances), fr-pos/PRON-fr-pos/SCONJ (5; 0% instances), fr-pos/PRON-fr-pos/VERB (5; 0% instances), fr-pos/ADV-fr-pos/CCONJ (4; 0% instances), fr-pos/PART-fr-pos/VERB (4; 0% instances), fr-pos/SCONJ-fr-pos/ADP (4; 0% instances), fr-pos/SCONJ-fr-pos/PRON (4; 0% instances), fr-pos/ADJ-fr-pos/ADV (3; 0% instances), fr-pos/ADP-fr-pos/CCONJ (3; 0% instances), fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/ADJ (3; 0% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/ADP (3; 0% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/DET (3; 0% instances), fr-pos/ADJ-fr-pos/ADJ (2; 0% instances), fr-pos/ADV-fr-pos/PRON (2; 0% instances), fr-pos/AUX-fr-pos/NOUN (2; 0% instances), fr-pos/AUX-fr-pos/VERB (2; 0% instances), fr-pos/PART-fr-pos/ADJ (2; 0% instances), fr-pos/PART-fr-pos/PRON (2; 0% instances), fr-pos/PRON-fr-pos/ADP (2; 0% instances), fr-pos/PRON-fr-pos/NOUN (2; 0% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/ADJ (2; 0% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/SCONJ (2; 0% instances), fr-pos/X-fr-pos/X (2; 0% instances), fr-pos/ADJ-fr-pos/CCONJ (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/ADJ-fr-pos/PRON (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/ADJ-fr-pos/PROPN (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/ADP-fr-pos/NUM (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/CCONJ-fr-pos/ADP (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/CCONJ-fr-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/CCONJ-fr-pos/SCONJ (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/DET-fr-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/DET-fr-pos/SCONJ (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/INTJ-fr-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/DET (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/SCONJ (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/X (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/NUM-fr-pos/NUM (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/NUM-fr-pos/PART (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/PRON-fr-pos/DET (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/PRON-fr-pos/PART (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/PROPN-fr-pos/ADP (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/PROPN-fr-pos/DET (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/PROPN-fr-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/SCONJ-fr-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/SCONJ-fr-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/SCONJ-fr-pos/PART (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/SCONJ-fr-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances).
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1 Boutique boutique NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 6 obl _ _
2 agréable agréable ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 1 amod _ SpaceAfter=No
3 , , PUNCT _ _ 6 punct _ _
4 on on PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3 6 nsubj _ _
5 y y ADV _ _ 6 advmod _ _
6 trouve trouver VERB _ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
7 plein plein ADV _ _ 9 det _ _
8 de de ADP _ _ 7 fixed _ _
9 marques marque NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 6 obj _ SpaceAfter=No
10 . . PUNCT _ _ 6 punct _ _
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1 Est être VERB _ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
2 -ce ce PRON _ Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Dem 1 nsubj _ _
3 parce parce ADV _ _ 7 mark _ _
4 que que SCONJ _ _ 3 fixed _ _
5 vous vous PRON _ Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 7 nsubj _ _
6 ne ne ADV _ Polarity=Neg 7 advmod _ _
7 prenez prendre VERB _ Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 1 advcl _ _
8 pas pas ADV _ Polarity=Neg 7 advmod _ _
9 les le DET _ Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art 10 det _ _
10 choses chose NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 7 obj _ _
11 à à ADP _ _ 13 case _ _
12 le le DET _ Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 13 det _ _
13 sérieux sérieux NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 obl _ _
14 ? ? PUNCT _ _ 1 punct _ _
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1 À à ADP _ _ 4 case _ _
2 partir partir VERB _ VerbForm=Inf 1 fixed _ _
3 de de ADP _ _ 1 fixed _ _
4 1882 1882 NUM _ _ 6 obl _ _
5 il il PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 nsubj _ _
6 obtient obtenir VERB _ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
7 divers divers DET _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 8 det _ _
8 diplômes diplôme NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 6 obj _ _
9 ecclésiastiques ecclésiastique ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 8 amod _ SpaceAfter=No
10 . . PUNCT _ _ 6 punct _ _
Treebank Statistics (UD_French-ParTUT)
This relation is universal.
186 nodes (1%) are attached to their parents as fixed.
186 instances of fixed (100%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 1.26881720430108.
The following 22 pairs of parts of speech are connected with fixed: fr-pos/ADP-fr-pos/ADP (40; 22% instances), fr-pos/ADV-fr-pos/ADP (34; 18% instances), fr-pos/ADV-fr-pos/SCONJ (30; 16% instances), fr-pos/ADP-fr-pos/ADV (23; 12% instances), fr-pos/ADP-fr-pos/NOUN (10; 5% instances), fr-pos/ADP-fr-pos/SCONJ (10; 5% instances), fr-pos/ADJ-fr-pos/SCONJ (5; 3% instances), fr-pos/ADP-fr-pos/ADJ (4; 2% instances), fr-pos/PRON-fr-pos/ADV (4; 2% instances), fr-pos/PRON-fr-pos/VERB (4; 2% instances), fr-pos/ADP-fr-pos/VERB (3; 2% instances), fr-pos/ADV-fr-pos/DET (3; 2% instances), fr-pos/ADV-fr-pos/NOUN (3; 2% instances), fr-pos/ADJ-fr-pos/ADP (2; 1% instances), fr-pos/ADP-fr-pos/DET (2; 1% instances), fr-pos/ADV-fr-pos/ADV (2; 1% instances), fr-pos/AUX-fr-pos/ADP (2; 1% instances), fr-pos/AUX-fr-pos/ADJ (1; 1% instances), fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/ADJ (1; 1% instances), fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/ADP (1; 1% instances), fr-pos/PROPN-fr-pos/ADP (1; 1% instances), fr-pos/SCONJ-fr-pos/SCONJ (1; 1% instances).
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1 D' de ADP E _ 4 case _ SpaceAfter=No
2 après après ADP E _ 1 fixed _ _
3 la le DET RD Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 4 det _ _
4 proposition proposition NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 15 obl _ _
5 de de ADP E _ 7 case _ _
6 la le DET RD Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 7 det _ _
7 commission commission NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 4 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
8 , , PUNCT FF _ 4 punct _ _
9 une un DET RI Definite=Ind|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 10 det _ _
10 limite limite NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 15 nsubj _ _
11 de de ADP E _ 12 case _ _
12 20º -20º NUM N NumType=Card 10 nummod _ _
13 aurait avoir AUX VA Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 15 aux _ _
14 été être AUX VA Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 15 cop _ _
15 suffisante suffisant ADJ A Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
16 ; ; PUNCT FC _ 15 punct _ _
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1 Plus plus ADV B _ 4 advmod _ _
2 de de ADP E _ 1 fixed _ _
3 800 800 NUM N NumType=Card 4 nummod _ _
4 millions millions NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 0 root _ _
5 de de ADP E _ 6 case _ _
6 clients client NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 4 nmod _ _
7 potentiels potentiel ADJ A Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 6 amod _ SpaceAfter=No
8 . . PUNCT FS _ 4 punct _ _
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1 Tant tant ADV B _ 8 mark _ _
2 que que SCONJ CS _ 1 fixed _ _
3 cet ce DET DD Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 4 det _ _
4 accord accord NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 nsubj:pass _ _
5 n' ne PART PART Polarity=Neg 8 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No
6 est être AUX VA Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 aux:pass _ _
7 pas pas ADV BN Polarity=Neg 8 advmod _ _
8 conclu conclure VERB V Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 12 acl _ SpaceAfter=No
9 , , PUNCT FF _ 8 punct _ _
10 dans dans ADP E _ 12 case _ _
11 la le DET RD Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 12 det _ _
12 mesure mesure NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 0 root _ _
13 où où PRON PR PronType=Rel 16 obl _ _
14 il il PRON PE Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nsubj _ _
15 s' si SCONJ CS _ 16 expl _ SpaceAfter=No
16 applique appliquer VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 12 acl _ _
17 provisoirement provisoirement ADV B _ 16 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No
18 . . PUNCT FS _ 12 punct _ _
Treebank Statistics (UD_French-Sequoia)
This relation is universal.
1548 nodes (3%) are attached to their parents as fixed.
1548 instances of fixed (100%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 1.46705426356589.
The following 46 pairs of parts of speech are connected with fixed: fr-pos/ADP-fr-pos/NOUN (367; 24% instances), fr-pos/ADP-fr-pos/ADP (336; 22% instances), fr-pos/ADP-fr-pos/DET (197; 13% instances), fr-pos/ADP-fr-pos/ADV (108; 7% instances), fr-pos/ADV-fr-pos/ADP (80; 5% instances), fr-pos/ADP-fr-pos/SCONJ (56; 4% instances), fr-pos/ADV-fr-pos/ADV (42; 3% instances), fr-pos/ADV-fr-pos/SCONJ (41; 3% instances), fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/ADP (31; 2% instances), fr-pos/DET-fr-pos/ADJ (29; 2% instances), fr-pos/PRON-fr-pos/VERB (26; 2% instances), fr-pos/ADP-fr-pos/PRON (24; 2% instances), fr-pos/ADP-fr-pos/VERB (24; 2% instances), fr-pos/ADP-fr-pos/ADJ (21; 1% instances), fr-pos/SCONJ-fr-pos/SCONJ (19; 1% instances), fr-pos/PRON-fr-pos/PRON (15; 1% instances), fr-pos/DET-fr-pos/NOUN (13; 1% instances), fr-pos/PRON-fr-pos/ADJ (12; 1% instances), fr-pos/DET-fr-pos/PRON (11; 1% instances), fr-pos/ADP-fr-pos/PUNCT (8; 1% instances), fr-pos/CCONJ-fr-pos/CCONJ (8; 1% instances), fr-pos/CCONJ-fr-pos/PUNCT (8; 1% instances), fr-pos/PRON-fr-pos/ADV (8; 1% instances), fr-pos/ADV-fr-pos/NOUN (7; 0% instances), fr-pos/ADV-fr-pos/ADJ (6; 0% instances), fr-pos/PRON-fr-pos/PUNCT (6; 0% instances), fr-pos/X-fr-pos/X (5; 0% instances), fr-pos/ADV-fr-pos/DET (4; 0% instances), fr-pos/DET-fr-pos/ADV (4; 0% instances), fr-pos/NUM-fr-pos/NUM (4; 0% instances), fr-pos/ADJ-fr-pos/ADJ (3; 0% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/SCONJ (3; 0% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/VERB (3; 0% instances), fr-pos/ADP-fr-pos/CCONJ (2; 0% instances), fr-pos/ADV-fr-pos/CCONJ (2; 0% instances), fr-pos/ADV-fr-pos/VERB (2; 0% instances), fr-pos/CCONJ-fr-pos/ADV (2; 0% instances), fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/PUNCT (2; 0% instances), fr-pos/PRON-fr-pos/ADP (2; 0% instances), fr-pos/ADJ-fr-pos/ADP (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/ADP-fr-pos/X (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/NOUN-fr-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/PRON-fr-pos/SCONJ (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/ADP (1; 0% instances), fr-pos/VERB-fr-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances).
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1 Je il PRON _ Number=Sing|Person=1 5 nsubj _ _
2 voudrais vouloir AUX _ Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 aux _ _
3 à à ADP _ _ 5 advmod _ _
4 présent présent NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 fixed _ _
5 aborder aborder VERB _ VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _
6 les le DET _ Definite=Def|Number=Plur|PronType=Art 7 det _ _
7 sujets sujet NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 5 obj _ _
8 suivants suivant ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 7 amod _ SpaceAfter=No
9 . . PUNCT _ _ 5 punct _ _
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1 À à ADP _ _ 6 case _ _
2 le le DET _ Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 1 fixed _ _
3 cours cours NOUN _ Gender=Masc 1 fixed _ _
4 de de ADP _ _ 1 fixed _ _
5 la le DET _ Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 6 det _ _
6 cérémonie cérémonie NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 0 root _ _
7 d' de ADP _ _ 8 case _ SpaceAfter=No
8 inauguration inauguration NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 6 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
9 . . PUNCT _ _ 6 punct _ _
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1 La le DET _ Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 2 det _ _
2 perfusion perfusion NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _
3 agit agir VERB _ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
4 à à ADP _ _ 8 advmod _ _
5 le le DET _ Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 4 fixed _ _
6 moins moins ADV _ _ 4 fixed _ _
7 un un DET _ Definite=Ind|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 8 det _ _
8 an an NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 obl _ SpaceAfter=No
9 . . PUNCT _ _ 3 punct _ _
fixed in other languages: [u]