Note: Since the description of language-specific relations depends both on the universal guidelines and on the empirical facts of specific treebanks, it may not be fully updated to v2 until the first treebank release in March 2017.
Language-Specific Relations
In addition to the universal dependency taxonomy, it is desirable to recognize grammatical relations that are particular to one language or a small group of related languages. Such language-specific relations are necessary to accurately capture the genius of a particular language but will not involve concepts that generalize broadly. These language-specific relations should always be regarded as a subtype of an existing UD relation.
Labels of language-specific relations explictly encode the core UD relation that the language-specific relation is a subtype of, following the format universal:extension.
acl
acl:inf
: Hebrew, Portugueseacl:part
: Portugueseacl:relcl
: Chinese, Danish, English, Estonian, Finnish, French, Greek, Hebrew, Hindi, Irish, Italian, Norwegian, Persian, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Swedish
advcl
advmod
advmod:emph
: Ancient Greek, Arabic, Czech, Latin, Portuguese, Tamil, Turkish, Uyghuradvmod:inf
: Hebrewadvmod:locy
: Hungarianadvmod:mode
: Hungarianadvmod:obl
: Hungarianadvmod:phrase
: Hebrewadvmod:quant
: Estonianadvmod:que
: Hungarianadvmod:tfrom
: Hungarianadvmod:tlocy
: Hungarianadvmod:tmod
: Romanianadvmod:to
: Hungarianadvmod:tto
: Hungarian
amod
aux
auxpass
auxpass:reflex
: Catalan, Czech, Latin, Portuguese, Spanish
case
case:acc
: Hebrewcase:aspect
: Chinesecase:dec
: Chinesecase:gen
: Hebrewcase:pref
: Chinesecase:suff
: Chinesecase:voc
: Irish
cc
ccomp
compound
compound:lvc
: Persian, Turkishcompound:nn
: Finnishcompound:preverb
: Hungariancompound:prt
: Danish, Dutch, English, Estonian, Finnish, Irish, Norwegian, Persian, Swedish, Tamilcompound:redup
: Turkish
conj
csubj
det
det:def
: Hebrewdet:numgov
: Czech, Polishdet:nummod
: Czech, Dutch, Polishdet:poss
: Italian, Portuguesedet:predet
: English, Italian, Persian, Russiandet:quant
: Hebrew
discourse
discourse:filler
: Slovenian
dobj
dobj:lvc
: Hungarian
expl
mark
name
name:hu
: Hungarian
nmod
nmod:abl
: Uyghurnmod:agent
: Romanian, Russian, Swedishnmod:att
: Hungariannmod:attlvc
: Hungariannmod:clas
: Uyghurnmod:cmp
: Uyghurnmod:gobj
: Finnish, Russiannmod:gsubj
: Finnishnmod:ins
: Uyghurnmod:loc
: Danish, Uyghurnmod:npmod
: Englishnmod:obl
: Hungariannmod:obllvc
: Hungariannmod:own
: Buryat, Finnishnmod:pmod
: Romaniannmod:poss
: Danish, English, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Hebrew, Irish, Kazakh, Persian, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish, Uyghurnmod:prep
: Irishnmod:smixut
: Hebrewnmod:tmod
: Chinese, Danish, English, Hebrew, Irish, Romanian, Russian
nsubj
nummod
parataxis
xcomp
xcomp:adj
: Portuguesexcomp:ds
: Finnishxcomp:pred
: Irish