flat: name
flat is one of the three relations for compounding in UD (together
with compound and fixed).
It is used for proper nouns constituted of multiple nominal
elements. For example, flat would be used between the words of
Hillary Rodham Clinton, New York, or Carl XVI Gustaf but not to
replace the usual relations in a phrasal or clausal name like The
king of Sweden or the novels The Lord of the Rings and Captured By
Aliens.
Words joined by flat should all be part of a minimal noun phrase;
otherwise regular syntactic relations should be used. This is
basically similar to the treatment of noun compounds with
compound, except that in many cases parts of the name may be
another nominal element such as an adjective (United Airlines).
In general, names are annotated in a flat, head-initial structure, in
which all words in the name modify the first one using the flat
label.
Carl XVI Gustaf
name(Carl-1, Gustaf-3)
name(Carl-1, XVI-2)
For organization names with clear syntactic modification structure, the dependencies should reflect the syntactic modification structure using regular syntactic relation, as in:.
Natural Resources Conservation Service
amod(Resources-2, Natural-1)
compound(Conservation-3, Resources-2)
compound(Service-4, Conservation-3)
In addition, regular syntactic relations are used: (i) for a modifying English determiner or (ii) to connect together the words of a description or name which involve English embedded prepositional phrases, sentences, etc.
The king of Sweden
det(king-2, The-1)
nmod(king-2, Sweden-4)
case(Sweden-4, of-3)
If a name contains a function word in another language than English, we also use the flat relation.
Río de la Plata
name(Río-1, de-2)
name(Río-1, la-3)
name(Río-1, Plata-4)
Ludwig van Beethoven
name(Ludwig, van)
name(Ludwig, Beethoven)
Miguel de Cervantes y Saavedra
name(Miguel, de)
name(Miguel, Cervantes)
name(Miguel, y)
name(Miguel, Saavedra)
San Francisco
name(San, Francisco)
Treebank Statistics (UD_English)
This relation is universal.
There are 1 language-specific subtypes of flat: flat:foreign.
1645 nodes (1%) are attached to their parents as flat.
1645 instances of flat (100%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 1.24376899696049.
The following 7 pairs of parts of speech are connected with flat: en-pos/PROPN-en-pos/PROPN (1574; 96% instances), en-pos/PROPN-en-pos/NOUN (54; 3% instances), en-pos/NOUN-en-pos/PROPN (8; 0% instances), en-pos/NOUN-en-pos/NOUN (5; 0% instances), en-pos/VERB-en-pos/PROPN (2; 0% instances), en-pos/PRON-en-pos/PROPN (1; 0% instances), en-pos/PRON-en-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances).
# visual-style 2 bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 1 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1 fgColor:white
# visual-style 1 2 flat color:blue
1 Ben Ben PROPN NNP Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ _
2 Goodger Goodger PROPN NNP Number=Sing 1 flat _ _
3 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 cop _ _
4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _
5 lead lead ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _
6 engineer engineer NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _
7 for for ADP IN _ 9 case _ _
8 Mozilla Mozilla PROPN NNP Number=Sing 9 compound _ _
9 Firefox Firefox PROPN NNP Number=Sing 6 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
10 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _
# visual-style 5 bgColor:blue
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# visual-style 4 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4 fgColor:white
# visual-style 4 5 flat color:blue
1 One one NUM CD NumType=Card 6 nsubj _ _
2 of of ADP IN _ 4 case _ _
3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _
4 Wesley Wesley PROPN NNP Number=Sing 1 nmod _ _
5 boys boy NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 flat _ _
6 wrote write VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _
8 hymn hymn NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obj _ SpaceAfter=No
9 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _
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# visual-style 8 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 8 fgColor:white
# visual-style 8 9 flat color:blue
1 Shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 3 aux _ _
2 we we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _
3 censor censor VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _
4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _
5 works work NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ _
6 of of ADP IN _ 8 case _ _
7 poet poet NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 compound _ _
8 Charles charle NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nmod _ _
9 Baudelaire Baudelaire PROPN NNP Number=Sing 8 flat _ _
10 as as ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _
11 well well ADV RB Degree=Pos 10 fixed _ SpaceAfter=No
12 ? ? PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _
Treebank Statistics (UD_English-LinES)
This relation is universal.
482 nodes (1%) are attached to their parents as flat.
482 instances of flat (100%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 1.13070539419087.
The following 8 pairs of parts of speech are connected with flat: en-pos/PROPN-en-pos/PROPN (280; 58% instances), en-pos/PROPN-en-pos/NOUN (182; 38% instances), en-pos/PROPN-en-pos/NUM (13; 3% instances), en-pos/PROPN-en-pos/ADJ (3; 1% instances), en-pos/ADJ-en-pos/ADP (1; 0% instances), en-pos/ADJ-en-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances), en-pos/ADJ-en-pos/PROPN (1; 0% instances), en-pos/NOUN-en-pos/PROPN (1; 0% instances).
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# visual-style 10 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 10 fgColor:white
# visual-style 10 11 flat color:blue
1 The _ DET DEF _ 4 det _ _
2 SQL _ PROPN SG-NOM _ 3 compound _ _
3 Server _ NOUN SG-NOM _ 4 compound _ _
4 database _ NOUN SG-NOM _ 7 nsubj _ _
5 must _ AUX PRES-AUX _ 7 aux _ _
6 be _ AUX INF _ 7 aux _ _
7 running _ VERB ING _ 0 root _ _
8 on _ ADP _ _ 12 case _ _
9 a _ DET IND-SG _ 12 det _ _
10 Windows _ PROPN SG-NOM _ 12 compound _ _
11 NT _ PROPN SG-NOM _ 10 flat _ _
12 platform _ NOUN SG-NOM _ 7 obl _ SpaceAfter=No
13 . _ PUNCT Period _ 7 punct _ _
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# visual-style 7 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7 fgColor:white
# visual-style 7 8 flat color:blue
1 She _ PRON PERS-SG-NOM _ 2 nsubj _ _
2 wore _ VERB PAST _ 0 root _ _
3 a _ DET IND-SG _ 4 det _ _
4 dress _ NOUN SG-NOM _ 2 obj _ _
5 made _ VERB PASS _ 4 amod _ _
6 of _ ADP _ _ 8 case _ _
7 Congo _ PROPN SG-NOM _ 5 obl _ _
8 cloth _ NOUN SG-NOM _ 7 flat _ SpaceAfter=No
9 . _ PUNCT Period _ 2 punct _ _
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# visual-style 5 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 5 fgColor:white
# visual-style 5 6 flat color:blue
1 Open _ VERB IMP _ 0 root _ _
2 the _ DET DEF _ 3 det _ _
3 page _ NOUN SG-NOM _ 1 obj _ _
4 in _ ADP _ _ 8 case _ _
5 Access _ PROPN SG-NOM _ 8 nummod _ _
6 2002 _ NUM ID _ 5 flat _ _
7 Design _ NOUN SG-NOM _ 8 compound _ _
8 view _ NOUN SG-NOM _ 1 obl _ SpaceAfter=No
9 . _ PUNCT Period _ 1 punct _ _
Treebank Statistics (UD_English-ParTUT)
This relation is universal.
There are 2 language-specific subtypes of flat: flat:foreign, flat:name.
92 nodes (0%) are attached to their parents as flat.
92 instances of flat (100%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 1.35869565217391.
The following 6 pairs of parts of speech are connected with flat: en-pos/NOUN-en-pos/PROPN (56; 61% instances), en-pos/PROPN-en-pos/PROPN (11; 12% instances), en-pos/PROPN-en-pos/ADJ (10; 11% instances), en-pos/PROPN-en-pos/NUM (10; 11% instances), en-pos/X-en-pos/X (3; 3% instances), en-pos/NOUN-en-pos/NUM (2; 2% instances).
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# visual-style 1 fgColor:white
# visual-style 1 3 flat color:blue
1 Attribution attribution NOUN S Number=Sing 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
2 , , PUNCT FF _ 1 punct _ _
3 ShareAlike ShareAlike PROPN SP _ 1 flat _ SpaceAfter=No
4 . . PUNCT FS _ 1 punct _ _
# visual-style 17 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 17 fgColor:white
# visual-style 16 bgColor:blue
# visual-style 16 fgColor:white
# visual-style 16 17 flat color:blue
1 his his DET AP Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 2 nmod:poss _ _
2 Captain Captain PROPN SP _ 12 nsubj _ _
3 Ahab Ahab PROPN SP _ 2 nmod _ _
4 in in ADP E _ 5 case _ _
5 Moby Moby PROPN SP _ 2 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
6 - - PUNCT FF _ 5 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
7 Dick dick NOUN S Number=Sing 5 flat:name _ _
8 is be AUX VA Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 12 cop _ _
9 a a DET RI Definite=Ind|Number=Sing|PronType=Art 12 det _ _
10 classic classic ADJ A Degree=Pos 12 amod _ _
11 tragic tragic ADJ A Degree=Pos 12 amod _ _
12 hero hero NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
13 , , PUNCT FF _ 12 punct _ _
14 inspired inspire VERB V Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 12 acl _ _
15 by by ADP E _ 16 case _ _
16 King King PROPN SP _ 14 obl:agent _ _
17 Lear Lear PROPN SP _ 16 flat _ SpaceAfter=No
18 . . PUNCT FS _ 12 punct _ _
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# visual-style 5 6 flat color:blue
1 The the DET RD Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _
2 opening opening NOUN S Number=Sing 3 nmod _ _
3 soliloquy soliloquy NOUN S Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _
4 of of ADP E _ 5 case _ _
5 Richard Richard PROPN SP _ 3 nmod _ _
6 III third ADJ NO Degree=Pos|NumType=Ord 5 flat _ _
7 has have VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
8 its its DET AP Number=Sing|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ _
9 roots root NOUN S Number=Plur 7 obj _ _
10 in in ADP E _ 14 case _ _
11 the the DET RD Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _
12 self self ADJ A Degree=Pos 14 amod _ SpaceAfter=No
13 - - PUNCT FF _ 12 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
14 declaration declaration NOUN S Number=Sing 7 obl _ _
15 of of ADP E _ 16 case _ _
16 Vice vice NOUN S Number=Sing 14 nmod _ _
17 in in ADP E _ 19 case _ _
18 medieval medieval ADJ A Degree=Pos 19 amod _ _
19 drama drama NOUN S Number=Sing 7 obl _ SpaceAfter=No
20 . . PUNCT FS _ 7 punct _ _
flat in other languages: [u]