obj: direct object
The direct object of a verb is the noun phrase that denotes the entity acted upon. Most often the direct object is in the accusative case but there are verbs that require their objects be in other cases (except for nominative and vocative).
Accusative example:
Koupil jsem auto . \n Bought I-have car .
obj(Koupil, auto)
obj(Bought, car)
Genitive example:
Cením si vaší pomoci . \n I-appreciate REFLEX your help .
obj(Cením, pomoci)
obj(I-appreciate, help)
Dative example:
Čelíme velkým problémům . \n We-face big problems .
obj(Čelíme, problémům)
obj(We-face, problems)
Instrumental example:
Univerzita nedisponuje takovým rozpočtem . \n University does-not-have-at-disposal such budget .
obj(nedisponuje, rozpočtem)
obj(does-not-have-at-disposal, budget)
In general, if there is just one object, it should be labeled obj,
regardless of the morphological case or semantic role that it bears. If there are two or more
objects, one of them should be obj and the others should be
iobj. In such cases it is necessary to decide what is the most
directly affected object (patient). The one exception is when there is a clausal complement. Then the clausal complement is regarded as a “clausal direct object” and an object nominal will be an iobj.
Diffs
Prague Dependency Treebank
The manual annotation of the PDT does not distinguish direct and indirect objects.
Therefore most non-clausal dependents labeled Obj in PDT are currently labeled obj
in the converted data, even if it results in two or more direct objects attached to one verb.
Occasionally a heuristic was used: if there are two objects, one of them accusative and the other dative,
then the former is obj and the latter iobj. But such heuristics do not cover all possible objects,
and even ditransitive verbs may occur without one of their objects because of ellipsis.
In future, the valency lexicon Vallex
could be used to identify the main object.
Treebank Statistics (UD_Czech)
This relation is universal.
71393 nodes (5%) are attached to their parents as obj.
49131 instances of obj (69%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 2.74661381367921.
The following 48 pairs of parts of speech are connected with obj: cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/NOUN (48525; 68% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/PRON (6981; 10% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/DET (5059; 7% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/NOUN (4535; 6% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/PROPN (2023; 3% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/ADJ (1680; 2% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/NUM (731; 1% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/ADV (493; 1% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/PRON (372; 1% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/PROPN (357; 1% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/DET (215; 0% instances), cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/NOUN (99; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/ADJ (86; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADV-cs-pos/NOUN (39; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/NUM (24; 0% instances), cs-pos/SYM-cs-pos/NUM (23; 0% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/PART (22; 0% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/SYM (13; 0% instances), cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/PRON (12; 0% instances), cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/PROPN (11; 0% instances), cs-pos/NUM-cs-pos/NOUN (11; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/ADV (7; 0% instances), cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/ADJ (7; 0% instances), cs-pos/NUM-cs-pos/PRON (7; 0% instances), cs-pos/PROPN-cs-pos/NOUN (7; 0% instances), cs-pos/PUNCT-cs-pos/NOUN (7; 0% instances), cs-pos/SYM-cs-pos/NOUN (7; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADV-cs-pos/PRON (5; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADV-cs-pos/PROPN (4; 0% instances), cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/DET (4; 0% instances), cs-pos/DET-cs-pos/NOUN (3; 0% instances), cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/NUM (3; 0% instances), cs-pos/PUNCT-cs-pos/NUM (3; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADP-cs-pos/NOUN (2; 0% instances), cs-pos/DET-cs-pos/ADJ (2; 0% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/ADP (2; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/PART (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/SYM (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADV-cs-pos/DET (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/NUM-cs-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/PART-cs-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/PRON-cs-pos/DET (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/PRON-cs-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/PROPN-cs-pos/NUM (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/PROPN-cs-pos/PROPN (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/INTJ (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/SCONJ (1; 0% instances).
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1 Zvedněte zvednout VERB Vi-P---2--A---- Mood=Imp|Number=Plur|Person=2|Polarity=Pos|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _
2 telefon telefon NOUN NNIS4-----A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Polarity=Pos 1 obj _ _
3 a a CCONJ J^------------- _ 4 cc _ LId=a-1
4 zavolejte zavolat VERB Vi-P---2--A---- Aspect=Perf|Mood=Imp|Number=Plur|Person=2|Polarity=Pos|VerbForm=Fin 1 conj _ SpaceAfter=No
5 . . PUNCT Z:------------- _ 1 punct _ _
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1 Změny změna NOUN NNFP1-----A---- Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Polarity=Pos 3 nsubj _ _
2 jsou být AUX VB-P---3P-AA--- Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 3 cop _ _
3 citelné citelný ADJ AAFP1----1A---- Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Polarity=Pos 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
4 , , PUNCT Z:------------- _ 6 punct _ _
5 je být AUX VB-S---3P-AA--- Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 6 cop _ _
6 třeba třeba ADJ ACNS------A---- Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Polarity=Pos|Variant=Short 3 conj _ LId=třeba-1
7 je on PRON PPXP4--3------- Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 obj _ LId=on-1|LGloss=(oni/ono)
8 lépe dobře ADV Dg-------2A---- Degree=Cmp|Polarity=Pos 9 advmod _ _
9 prezentovat prezentovat VERB Vf--------A---- Polarity=Pos|VerbForm=Inf 6 csubj _ _
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1 Prodej prodej NOUN NNIS1-----A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Polarity=Pos 6 nsubj:pass _ LGloss=(akt_prodeje_zboží)
2 či či CCONJ J^------------- _ 3 cc _ _
3 pronájem pronájem NOUN NNIS1-----A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Polarity=Pos 1 conj _ _
4 se se PRON P7-X4---------- Case=Acc|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes|Variant=Short 6 expl:pass _ LGloss=(zvr._zájmeno/částice)
5 tedy tedy ADV Db------------- _ 6 advmod _ _
6 uskuteční uskutečnit VERB VB-S---3P-AA--- Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 0 root _ _
7 dejme dát VERB Vi-P---1--A---- Mood=Imp|Number=Plur|Person=1|Polarity=Pos|VerbForm=Fin 6 dep _ _
8 tomu ten DET PDZS3---------- Case=Dat|Gender=Masc,Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 7 obj _ _
9 k k ADP RR--3---------- AdpType=Prep|Case=Dat 12 case _ LId=k-1
10 1 1 NUM C=------------- NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 12 compound _ SpaceAfter=No
11 . . PUNCT Z:------------- _ 10 punct _ _
12 3 3 NUM C=------------- NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 6 obl _ SpaceAfter=No
13 . . PUNCT Z:------------- _ 12 punct _ _
14 1994 1994 NUM C=------------- NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 12 compound _ SpaceAfter=No
15 . . PUNCT Z:------------- _ 6 punct _ _
Treebank Statistics (UD_Czech-CAC)
This relation is universal.
24588 nodes (5%) are attached to their parents as obj.
18364 instances of obj (75%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 2.73405726370587.
The following 41 pairs of parts of speech are connected with obj: cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/NOUN (17169; 70% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/NOUN (2171; 9% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/PRON (2138; 9% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/DET (1414; 6% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/ADJ (597; 2% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/PROPN (187; 1% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/PRON (163; 1% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/ADV (156; 1% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/NUM (149; 1% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/SYM (88; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/PROPN (81; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/DET (72; 0% instances), cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/NOUN (54; 0% instances), cs-pos/SYM-cs-pos/NOUN (34; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/ADJ (22; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/SYM (15; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADV-cs-pos/NOUN (14; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/NUM (12; 0% instances), cs-pos/SYM-cs-pos/PRON (10; 0% instances), cs-pos/PROPN-cs-pos/PROPN (5; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADV-cs-pos/DET (4; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADV-cs-pos/PRON (4; 0% instances), cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/DET (4; 0% instances), cs-pos/SYM-cs-pos/DET (3; 0% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/ADP (3; 0% instances), cs-pos/DET-cs-pos/NOUN (2; 0% instances), cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/ADJ (2; 0% instances), cs-pos/PART-cs-pos/PRON (2; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/ADV (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADP-cs-pos/SYM (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/DET-cs-pos/DET (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/NUM (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/PRON (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/PROPN (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/NUM-cs-pos/SYM (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/PRON-cs-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/PROPN-cs-pos/SYM (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/SYM-cs-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/SYM-cs-pos/SYM (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/INTJ (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/PART (1; 0% instances).
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1 Zvýšené zvýšený ADJ AANS4----1A---- Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Polarity=Pos 2 amod _ LDeriv=zvýšit
2 úsilí úsilí NOUN NNNS4-----A---- Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Polarity=Pos 4 obj _ _
3 budeme být AUX VB-P---1F-AA--- Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 4 aux _ _
4 věnovat věnovat VERB Vf--------A---- Aspect=Imp|Polarity=Pos|VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _
5 zavádění zavádění NOUN NNNS3-----A---- Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Polarity=Pos 4 iobj _ LDeriv=zavádět
6 nových nový ADJ AAIP2----1A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Polarity=Pos 7 amod _ _
7 poznatků poznatek NOUN NNIP2-----A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Polarity=Pos 5 nmod _ _
8 do do ADP RR--2---------- AdpType=Prep|Case=Gen 9 case _ LId=do-1
9 praxe praxe NOUN NNFS2-----A---- Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Polarity=Pos 5 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
10 . . PUNCT Z:------------- _ 4 punct _ _
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1 Upřesněný upřesněný ADJ AAIS1----1A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Polarity=Pos 3 amod _ LDeriv=upřesnit
2 realizační realizační ADJ AAIS1----1A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Polarity=Pos 3 amod _ _
3 program program NOUN NNIS1-----A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Polarity=Pos 5 nsubj _ LId=program-1
4 je být AUX VB-S---3P-AA--- Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 5 cop _ _
5 zaměřen zaměřený ADJ VsYS---XX-AP--- Aspect=Perf|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Polarity=Pos|Variant=Short|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _
6 na na ADP RR--4---------- AdpType=Prep|Case=Acc 9 case _ LId=na-1
7 tyto tento DET PDIP4---------- Animacy=Inan|Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 9 det _ _
8 hlavní hlavní ADJ AAIP4----1A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Polarity=Pos 9 amod _ _
9 úkoly úkol NOUN NNIP4-----A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Polarity=Pos 5 obj _ SpaceAfter=No
10 . . PUNCT Z:------------- _ 5 punct _ _
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1 Vydá vydat VERB VB-S---3P-AA--- Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 0 root _ LId=vydat-1|LGloss=(emitovat:_cenné_papíry,_knihu,_zvuk,...)
2 ji on PRON PPFS4--3------- Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 1 obj _ _
3 MZVŽ MZVŽ PROPN NNNXX-----A---8 Abbr=Yes|Gender=Neut|NameType=Com|Polarity=Pos 1 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No
4 . . PUNCT Z:------------- _ 1 punct _ _
Treebank Statistics (UD_Czech-CLTT)
This relation is universal.
1048 nodes (4%) are attached to their parents as obj.
833 instances of obj (79%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 3.71469465648855.
The following 12 pairs of parts of speech are connected with obj: cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/NOUN (764; 73% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/NOUN (161; 15% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/PRON (70; 7% instances), cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/NOUN (13; 1% instances), cs-pos/X-cs-pos/NOUN (11; 1% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/ADJ (9; 1% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/NUM (6; 1% instances), cs-pos/ADJ-cs-pos/PRON (5; 0% instances), cs-pos/X-cs-pos/PRON (5; 0% instances), cs-pos/VERB-cs-pos/ADV (2; 0% instances), cs-pos/ADV-cs-pos/NOUN (1; 0% instances), cs-pos/NOUN-cs-pos/ADJ (1; 0% instances).
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1 Dále dále ADV Db------------1 _ 2 advmod _ LId=dále-3
2 obsahuje obsahovat VERB VB-S---3P-AA--- Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 0 root _ _
3 povolenky povolenka NOUN NNFP4-----A---- Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Polarity=Pos 2 obj _ _
4 na na ADP RR--4---------- AdpType=Prep|Case=Acc 5 case _ LId=na-1
5 emise emise NOUN NNFP4-----A---- Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Polarity=Pos 3 nmod _ _
6 a a CCONJ J^------------- _ 8 cc _ LId=a-1
7 preferenční preferenční ADJ AAIP4----1A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Polarity=Pos 8 amod _ _
8 limity limit NOUN NNIP4-----A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Polarity=Pos 5 conj _ SpaceAfter=No|LId=limit-1
9 . . PUNCT Z:------------- _ 2 punct _ _
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1 Vymezení vymezení NOUN NNNS1-----A---- Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Polarity=Pos 0 root _ _
2 nákladů náklad NOUN NNIP2-----A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Polarity=Pos 1 nmod _ _
3 souvisejících související ADJ AGIP2-----A---- Animacy=Inan|Aspect=Imp|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act 2 amod _ _
4 s s ADP RR--7---------- AdpType=Prep|Case=Ins 5 case _ LId=s-1
5 pořízením pořízení NOUN NNNS7-----A---- Case=Ins|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Polarity=Pos 3 obj _ _
6 cenných cenný ADJ AAIP2----1A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Polarity=Pos 7 amod _ _
7 papírů papír NOUN NNIP2-----A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Polarity=Pos 5 nmod _ _
8 a a CCONJ J^------------- _ 9 cc _ LId=a-1
9 podílů podíl NOUN NNIP2-----A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Polarity=Pos 7 conj _ _
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1 V v ADP RR--6---------- AdpType=Prep|Case=Loc 2 case _ LId=v-1
2 případě případ NOUN NNIS6-----A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Loc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Polarity=Pos 9 obl _ SpaceAfter=No
3 , , PUNCT Z:------------- _ 6 punct _ _
4 že že SCONJ J,------------- _ 6 mark _ _
5 je on PRON PPXP4--3------- Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 obj _ LId=on-1
6 nelze lze VERB VB-S---3P-NA--- Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Polarity=Neg|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 2 acl _ _
7 přiřadit přiřadit VERB Vf--------A---- Polarity=Pos|VerbForm=Inf 6 csubj _ SpaceAfter=No
8 , , PUNCT Z:------------- _ 6 punct _ _
9 uvedou uvést VERB VB-P---3P-AA--- Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 0 root _ _
10 se se PRON P7-X4---------- Case=Acc|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes|Variant=Short 9 expl:pass _ _
11 v v ADP RR--6---------- AdpType=Prep|Case=Loc 13 case _ LId=v-1
12 provozní provozní ADJ AAFS6----1A---- Case=Loc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Polarity=Pos 13 amod _ _
13 činnosti činnost NOUN NNFS6-----A---- Case=Loc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Polarity=Pos 9 obl _ SpaceAfter=No
14 . . PUNCT Z:------------- _ 9 punct _ _
obj in other languages: [u]